Mountain Railways of India

The Mountain railways of India refer to railway lines operating in the mountainous regions of India. These include narrow-gauge railways that connect to select hill stations, and some of the broad-gauge lines running across mountainous terrain. Three of the lines, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka–Shimla Railway, are collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Mountain Railways of India". Two more narrow-gauge lines, the Matheran Hill Railway and the Kangra Valley Railway, are on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is the only rack and pinion railway in India. The Jammu–Baramulla line, completed in 2025, uses broad-gauge. Other broad-gauge mountain railways, such as the Chota Char Dham Railway, Bhanupli–Leh line and Sivok–Rangpo line are currently under construction, and others are in the planning stage.